Violence and job satisfaction of nurses: importance of a support network in healthcare / La violencia y la satisfacción laboral de los profesionales de enfermería: importancia de la red de apoyo en el ámbito sanitario

Employees in the healthcare sector are the professionals who are the most exposed to violence. The severity of its consequences makes it necessary to inquire into its effects and associated factors. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between violence toward nursing staff and job satisfaction, and to find out the mediating role of social support in this relationship. The sample was made up of 1,357 nurses aged 22 to 58, who were administered the Negative Acts Questionnaire, Healthcare-Workers Aggressive Behaviour Scale-Users, Brief Perceived Social Support Questionnaire, and Overall Job Satisfaction. The results showed that violence and bullying by coworkers, users, family members, or other people accompanying the patient had a direct negative effect on internal and external job satisfaction, and this effect was mediated by perceived social support. These outcomes suggest the need to stimulate a firm healthcare support network to improve nurses' job satisfaction by buffering the adverse effects of workplace violence

Los trabajadores del sector sanitario son los más expuestos a situaciones de violencia laboral. La gravedad de sus consecuencias hace necesario indagar en sus efectos y los factores asociados. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la relación entre la violencia hacia el personal de enfermería y la satisfacción laboral, así como establecer el papel mediador del apoyo social en esta relación. La muestra estuvo formada por 1,357 profesionales de enfermería de entre 22 y 58 años, a quienes se les administró el Negative Acts Questionnaire, la Healthcare-Workers Aggressive Behaviour Scale-Users, el Brief Perceived Social Support Questionnaire y la Overall Job Satisfaction. Los resultados mostraron que la violencia y acoso por parte de compañeros, usuarios y acompañantes o familiares ejercía un efecto directo negativo sobre la satisfacción laboral interna y externa, siendo este efecto mediado por el apoyo social percibido. Estos resultados muestran la necesidad de estimular una red de apoyo firme en el sector sanitario para mejorar la satisfacción con el trabajo entre los profesionales de enfermería, amortiguando los efectos adversos de la violencia laboral

The Role of Anxiety in the Relationship between Self-efficacy and Math Achievement / El papel de la ansiedad en la relación entre la competencia percibida y el rendimiento en matemáticas

This study aims to improve current understanding of how the relationship between perceived math ability and math achievement may be mediated or moderated by levels of anxiety about math, considering intellectual abilities, gender, and school year. In this study, participants were 2,245 Spanish students (7th to 10th grade). All completed the FennemaSherman Mathematics Attitudes Scales and the Sternberg Triarchic Abilities Test. The main results showed that (I) perceivedcompetence is a potent predictor of achievement (the higher the perceived competence, the better the performance in mathematics), (II) anxiety about mathematics significantly mediates the relationship between perceived competence and math achievement (although the effect is small), and (III) levels of anxiety condition the intensity of the effect of perceived competence on math achievement (at high levels of anxiety the effect size of the relationship between perceived competence and achievement is large, whereas at low levels of anxiety the effect is small)

El estudio tiene como objetivo mejorar el conocimiento actual sobre cómo la relación entre la capacidad matemática percibida y el rendimiento matemático puede estar mediada, o moderada, por el nivel de ansiedad ante las matemáticas, teniendo en cuenta las habilidades intelectuales, el género y el curso escolar. En el estudio participaron 2,245 estudiantes españoles de 7º a 10º grado. Todos completaron las Escalas de Actitudes Matemáticas Fennema-Sherman y la Escalade Inteligencia Triárquica de Sternberg. Los principales resultados mostraron que (I) la competencia percibida es un potente predictor de rendimiento matemático (cuanto mayor es la competencia percibida mejor es el rendimiento en matemáticas), (II) la ansiedad ante las matemáticas media significativamente la relación entre la competencia percibida y el rendimiento matemático (aunque el efecto sea pequeño) y (III) el nivel de ansiedad condiciona la intensidad del efecto de la competencia percibida en el rendimiento matemático (a un nivel de ansiedad elevado el tamaño del efecto de la relación entre la competencia percibida y el logro es grande, mientras que a un nivel bajo el efecto es pequeño)

Expectations and Sensation-Seeking as predictors of Binge Drinking in adolescents / Expectativas y búsqueda de sensaciones predictores del Binge Drinking en adolescentes

The different current modalities of alcohol use in adolescents include episodes of binge drinking. The objective of this study was to analyze the variables involved in starting and continuing binge drinking, and the predictor roles of sensation-seeking and expectations about alcohol in excessive drinking and the intention of continuing this practice in the medium-to-long term. A sample of 315 high school students answered a series of questions related to drinking alcohol. They were also given standardized tests including the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire-Adolescent, Brief and the Sensation-Seeking Scale to evaluate their expectations about alcohol and their tendency towards sensation-seeking. The results show that the tendency towards sensation-seeking plays a determining function in the involvement of adolescents in risky behavior, while positive expectations about the results of drinking minimize apparent risks and make it easier to acquire and maintain alcohol drinking habits. We highlight the importance of expanding research into the different types of adolescent drinking and applying the research to the design of effective drinking prevention interventions

En la actualidad, se dan diferentes modalidades de consumo de alcohol entre adolescentes, entre ellas destacan los episodios de consumo concentrado o binge drinking. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las variables implicadas en el inicio y mantenimiento de la modalidad de consumo concentrado de alcohol, así como, el papel predictor de la búsqueda de sensaciones y las expectativas sobre el alcohol sobre el consumo excesivo y sobre la intención de mantener esta práctica medio-largo plazo. Se contó con una muestra de 315 alumnos de secundaria, que respondieron a cuestiones relacionadas con el consumo de alcohol. Además, se implementaron pruebas estandarizadas como el Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire-Adolescent, Brief y la Escala de Búsqueda de Sensaciones, para evaluar las expectativas hacia el alcohol y la tendencia a la búsqueda de sensaciones, respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que la tendencia hacia la búsqueda de sensaciones cumple una función determinante en la implicación del adolescente en conductas de riesgo, mientras que las expectativas positivas sobre los resultados del consumo, minimizan los riesgos y facilitan el inicio y/o mantenimiento de hábitos de consumo de alcohol. Se destaca la importancia de ampliar el volumen de investigación sobre las diferentes modalidades de consumo de alcohol en adolescentes, y su aplicación en el diseño de intervenciones efectivas para su prevención

Analysis of the Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem on the Effect of Workload on Burnout's Influence on Nurses' Plans to Work Longer.

At the present time, we know that there is a positive relationship between self-efficacy and self-esteem in which positive beliefs about one's own efficacy increase one's sense of self-worth as stressful situations of a heavy workload are coped with successfully, and this, in turn, affects the nurses' plans to work longer. Analyze the mediating role of self-efficacy and self-esteem in the effect of workload, measured as the number of users attended to during a workday, on burnout in nursing professionals. A sample of 1307 nurses aged 22 to 60 years who were administered the Brief Burnout Questionnaire, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and workload, measured as the number of users attended to during the workday. The results show that professionals with high levels of self-efficacy also scored higher on global self-esteem. Burnout correlated negatively with both variables (self-efficacy and self-esteem). Three clusters were found with the variables (self-efficacy, self-esteem, and workload) showing significant differences in burnout scores among clusters. Self-efficacy and self-esteem function as buffers of the negative effects of workload on burnout. Organizations should design interventions for promoting the personal resources of their workers through training activities and organizational resources (e.g., redesigning job positions) to promote satisfaction and wellbeing of employees, making their stay at work greater.